編寫測試

簡介

Playwright 測試很簡單，它們

• 執行動作，以及
• 斷言符合預期的狀態。

在執行動作之前，無需等待任何事情：Playwright 會自動等待各種可操作性檢查通過，然後才執行每個動作。

在執行檢查時，也無需處理競爭條件 - Playwright 斷言的設計方式是描述最終需要滿足的預期。

就這樣！這些設計選擇讓 Playwright 使用者可以完全忘記測試中不穩定的超時和競爭條件檢查。

您將學習

• 如何編寫第一個測試
• 如何執行動作
• 如何使用斷言
• 測試如何在隔離環境中執行
• 如何使用測試鉤子

第一個測試

請看以下範例，了解如何編寫測試。

MSTest

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [Test]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

NUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

xUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task HasTitle()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");

        // Expect a title "to contain" a substring.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task GetStartedLink()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");

        // Click the get started link.
        await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

        // Expects page to have a heading with the name of Installation.
        await Expect(Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Installation" })).ToBeVisibleAsync();
    } 
}

動作

導航

大部分測試會從導航頁面到 URL 開始。之後，測試將能夠與頁面元素互動。

await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");

Playwright 將等待頁面達到載入狀態，然後才繼續前進。了解更多關於 Page.GotoAsync() 選項的資訊。

互動

執行動作從定位元素開始。Playwright 使用定位器 API 來實現這一點。定位器代表一種在任何時刻在頁面上尋找元素的方式，了解更多關於可用的不同類型定位器的資訊。Playwright 將等待元素變成可操作的，然後才執行動作，因此無需等待它變成可用狀態。

// Create a locator.
var getStarted = Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" });

// Click it.
await getStarted.ClickAsync();

在大多數情況下，它會寫成一行

await Page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Get started" }).ClickAsync();

基本動作

這是最受歡迎的 Playwright 動作列表。請注意，還有更多動作，因此請務必查看定位器 API 章節，以了解更多關於它們的資訊。

動作	描述
Locator.CheckAsync()	勾選輸入核取方塊
Locator.ClickAsync()	點擊元素
Locator.UncheckAsync()	取消勾選輸入核取方塊
Locator.HoverAsync()	將滑鼠懸停在元素上
Locator.FillAsync()	填寫表單欄位，輸入文字
Locator.FocusAsync()	聚焦元素
Locator.PressAsync()	按下單個按鍵
Locator.SetInputFilesAsync()	選擇要上傳的檔案
Locator.SelectOptionAsync()	在下拉選單中選擇選項

斷言

Playwright 提供一個名為 Expect 的異步函數，用於斷言並等待直到滿足預期條件。

await Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync(new Regex("Playwright"));

這是最受歡迎的異步斷言列表。請注意，還有更多斷言供您熟悉

斷言	描述
Expect(Locator).ToBeCheckedAsync()	核取方塊已勾選
Expect(Locator).ToBeEnabledAsync()	控制項已啟用
Expect(Locator).ToBeVisibleAsync()	元素可見
Expect(Locator).ToContainTextAsync()	元素包含文字
Expect(Locator).ToHaveAttributeAsync()	元素具有屬性
Expect(Locator).ToHaveCountAsync()	元素列表具有給定的長度
Expect(Locator).ToHaveTextAsync()	元素匹配文字
Expect(Locator).ToHaveValueAsync()	輸入元素具有值
Expect(Page).ToHaveTitleAsync()	頁面具有標題
Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync()	頁面具有 URL

測試隔離

Playwright NUnit 和 MSTest 測試框架基底類別將透過提供單獨的 Page 實例來隔離每個測試。由於瀏覽器上下文，頁面在測試之間是隔離的，瀏覽器上下文相當於全新的瀏覽器設定檔，即使多個測試在單個瀏覽器中執行，每個測試也會獲得全新的環境。

MSTest

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");
    }
}

NUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");
    }
}

xUnit

UnitTest1.cs

using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task BasicTest()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");
    }
}

使用測試鉤子

MSTest

您可以使用 SetUp/TearDown 來準備和清理您的測試環境

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.NUnit;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[Parallelizable(ParallelScope.Self)]
[TestFixture]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [Test]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw/");
    }

    [SetUp]
    public async Task SetUp()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");
    }
}

NUnit

您可以使用 TestInitialize/TestCleanup 來準備和清理您的測試環境

UnitTest1.cs

using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

[TestClass]
public class ExampleTest : PageTest
{
    [TestMethod]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw/");
    }

    [TestInitialize]
    public async Task TestInitialize()
    {
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");
    }
}

xUnit

您可以使用 InitializeAsync/DisposeAsync 來準備和清理您的測試環境

UnitTest1.cs

using Microsoft.Playwright;
using Microsoft.Playwright.Xunit;

namespace PlaywrightTests;

public class UnitTest1: PageTest
{
    [Fact]
    public async Task MainNavigation()
    {
        // Assertions use the expect API.
        await Expect(Page).ToHaveURLAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw/");
    }

    override public async Task InitializeAsync()
    {
        await base.InitializeAsync();
        await Page.GotoAsync("https://playwright.dev.org.tw");
    }

    public override async Task DisposeAsync()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("After each test cleanup");
        await base.DisposeAsync();
    }
}

接下來是什麼

• 執行單個測試、多個測試、有頭模式
• 使用 Codegen 產生測試
• 查看您的測試追蹤
• 在 CI 上執行測試
• 了解更多關於 MSTest、NUnit 或 xUnit 基底類別的資訊