時鐘
介紹
精確地模擬時間相關行為對於驗證應用程式的正確性至關重要。利用 時鐘 功能,開發人員可以在測試中操作和控制時間,從而能夠精確驗證諸如渲染時間、逾時、排程任務等功能,而無需 реального 時間執行的延遲和變異性。
時鐘 API 提供了以下方法來控制時間
setFixedTime
: 為Date.now()
和new Date()
設定固定時間。install
: 初始化時鐘並允許您pauseAt
: 在特定時間暫停時間。fastForward
: 快轉時間。runFor
: 運行時間一段特定持續時間。resume
: 恢復時間。
setSystemTime
: 設定目前系統時間。
建議的方法是使用 setFixedTime
將時間設定為特定值。如果這不適用於您的用例,您可以使用 install
,它允許您稍後暫停時間、快轉時間、滴答計時等。 setSystemTime
僅建議用於進階用例。
注意
Page.clock() 覆寫了與時間相關的原生全域類別和函式,使其可以被手動控制
Date
setTimeout
clearTimeout
setInterval
clearInterval
requestAnimationFrame
cancelAnimationFrame
requestIdleCallback
cancelIdleCallback
performance
Event.timeStamp
警告
如果您在測試中的任何時候呼叫 install
,則 *必須* 在任何其他與時鐘相關的呼叫之前進行呼叫(請參閱上面的註解以獲取列表)。不按順序呼叫這些方法將導致未定義的行為。例如,您不能先呼叫 setInterval
,然後呼叫 install
,再呼叫 clearInterval
,因為 install
會覆寫時鐘函式的原生定義。
使用預定義時間測試
通常您只需要偽造 Date.now
,同時保持計時器運行。這樣時間會自然流逝,但 Date.now
始終返回一個固定值。
<div id="current-time" data-testid="current-time"></div>
<script>
const renderTime = () => {
document.getElementById('current-time').textContent =
new Date().toLocaleString();
};
setInterval(renderTime, 1000);
</script>
一致的時間和計時器
有時您的計時器依賴 Date.now
,並且當 Date.now
值不隨時間變化時會感到困惑。在這種情況下,您可以安裝時鐘並快轉到測試時感興趣的時間。
<div id="current-time" data-testid="current-time"></div>
<script>
const renderTime = () => {
document.getElementById('current-time').textContent =
new Date().toLocaleString();
};
setInterval(renderTime, 1000);
</script>
// Initialize clock with some time before the test time and let the page load
// naturally. `Date.now` will progress as the timers fire.
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
page.clock().install(new Clock.InstallOptions().setTime(format.parse("2024-02-02T08:00:00")));
page.navigate("https://127.0.0.1:3333");
Locator locator = page.getByTestId("current-time");
// Pretend that the user closed the laptop lid and opened it again at 10am.
// Pause the time once reached that point.
page.clock().pauseAt(format.parse("2024-02-02T10:00:00"));
// Assert the page state.
assertThat(locator).hasText("2/2/2024, 10:00:00 AM");
// Close the laptop lid again and open it at 10:30am.
page.clock().fastForward("30:00");
assertThat(locator).hasText("2/2/2024, 10:30:00 AM");
測試閒置監控
閒置監控是 Web 應用程式中的常見功能,它會在使用者閒置一段時間後登出使用者。測試此功能可能很棘手,因為您需要等待很長時間才能看到效果。借助時鐘,您可以加速時間並快速測試此功能。
<div id="remaining-time" data-testid="remaining-time"></div>
<script>
const endTime = Date.now() + 5 * 60_000;
const renderTime = () => {
const diffInSeconds = Math.round((endTime - Date.now()) / 1000);
if (diffInSeconds <= 0) {
document.getElementById('remaining-time').textContent =
'You have been logged out due to inactivity.';
} else {
document.getElementById('remaining-time').textContent =
`You will be logged out in ${diffInSeconds} seconds.`;
}
setTimeout(renderTime, 1000);
};
renderTime();
</script>
<button type="button">Interaction</button>
// Initial time does not matter for the test, so we can pick current time.
page.clock().install();
page.navigate("https://127.0.0.1:3333");
Locator locator = page.getByRole("button");
// Interact with the page
locator.click();
// Fast forward time 5 minutes as if the user did not do anything.
// Fast forward is like closing the laptop lid and opening it after 5 minutes.
// All the timers due will fire once immediately, as in the real browser.
page.clock().fastForward("05:00");
// Check that the user was logged out automatically.
assertThat(page.getByText("You have been logged out due to inactivity.")).isVisible();
手動滴答計時,一致地觸發所有計時器
在極少數情況下,您可能希望手動滴答計時,在此過程中觸發所有計時器和動畫幀,以實現對時間流逝的細粒度控制。
<div id="current-time" data-testid="current-time"></div>
<script>
const renderTime = () => {
document.getElementById('current-time').textContent =
new Date().toLocaleString();
};
setInterval(renderTime, 1000);
</script>
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
// Initialize clock with a specific time, let the page load naturally.
page.clock().install(new Clock.InstallOptions()
.setTime(format.parse("2024-02-02T08:00:00")));
page.navigate("https://127.0.0.1:3333");
Locator locator = page.getByTestId("current-time");
// Pause the time flow, stop the timers, you now have manual control
// over the page time.
page.clock().pauseAt(format.parse("2024-02-02T10:00:00"));
assertThat(locator).hasText("2/2/2024, 10:00:00 AM");
// Tick through time manually, firing all timers in the process.
// In this case, time will be updated in the screen 2 times.
page.clock().runFor(2000);
assertThat(locator).hasText("2/2/2024, 10:00:02 AM");